2020-02-01 18:29:56: ERROR[Main]: An unhandled exception occurred: Audio: Global Initialization: Device Open
2020-02-01 18:29:56: ERROR[Main]: In thread 1:
2020-02-01 18:29:56: ERROR[Main]: /home/stefan/mt-build/build/minetest_64/minetest/src/main.cpp:e7: main: A fatal error occurred: Audio: Global Initialization: Device Open
In this case please check whether sound is working at all, and install the appropriate driver directly from the manufacturer's website. Like zing269 said, this is very likely an issue with your audio device setup. Maybe the default device is unavailable or isn't usable by OpenAL. Change the default output to Front/Rear Line Out and Speakers to check whether any of those works.
If really nothing else helps, re-installing the redistributable package might help. Although I don't know if the MinGW builds use any of these libraries.